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考研英语题型(按试题顺序):完形填空10’;阅读理解10’×4;新题型10’;翻译(英译汉)10’;写作30’( 小作文10’+大作文20’)。考研不像英语四六级,对答题顺序无要求!
先强调一下英语复习中的重中之重,分值最大,大家提升空间也最大的两大块是阅读(四篇传统阅读理解40’+新题型10’)和写作(小作文10’+大作文20’),二者总分80’。
在我看来,考研英语的整个复习过程大体上可以分为以下几个阶段:第一阶段为记单词和传统阅读训练阶段,这一阶段贵在坚持。想一想,厚厚的一本单词书再加上厚厚的一本阅读书,看到这两本书,是不是很有压力呢?!呵呵……,一定要持之以恒哦!每天坚持完成自己规定任务,其中我觉得阅读比单词重要。至于每天记多少个单词,这个我就不细说了,尽自己最大努力吧,要补充的一点是单词需要不断地温故而知新。但对于阅读,这一块很重要,我说一下自己的经验。针对前期的阅读复习,我要说的是,求质不求量!刚开始英语的系统复习,大家肯定有些不习惯,毕竟大三一整年都没上过英语课了嘛,突然要自己整天或整个上午看英语单词、做英语阅读,这个滋味,说实话,现在我想想都难受。这个时候就不要强迫自己每天得做五六篇,甚至更多。其实初期可以少做一些,比如说就只做一篇,但是你所做的这一篇必须是高质量地完成,这里的“高质量”并不是要求你对四五个,而是要求你把文章理解透了,甚至你能把文章翻译一遍(这样的话既有助于你理解所阅读的文章,同时也训练了自己的翻译能力,到时候真正做翻译题时就不会显得那么吃力)。对做对的题目要再回文章看一遍,看是自己真正理解后做对了的呢,还只是自己运气好蒙对的。一定要实事求是,切不要欺骗自己!要是刚开始就养成不好的做题习惯,到后期就很难改正,悔之晚矣!
随着时间的推移,大家也慢慢地习惯了每天的英语学习,这个时候可以每天做两篇(这个量大家可能觉得太少,不放心,),当然了,对文章的阅读要求与前面一样,千万不要有所松懈。请注意,一直到这个阶段,做阅读和记单词不是孤立的。在阅读中记单词其实是最好的方法,但是很少有人能坚持下来。
等大家耐着性子把单词记了一遍后,就可以把平时记单词的大部分时间留出来,用来看作文书,阅读继续保持下去。在此我说一下作文书的重要性。首先大家对考研作文还不是很了解,具体会考到哪些题材,格式怎样等等各种问题,大家还不是很清楚。拿到一本作文书,这些问题都一目了然了。当然了,看作文书的目的并不仅仅如此,看作文书,研读范文,更重要的是要积累固定句型、万用句型、优美词句,总之要发现所有对写作有益的东西!只有平时积累得多了,自己写作的时候才会得心应手,才不会陷入“巧妇难为无米之炊”的尴尬境地。当时我把那本作文书认认真真看了两遍(“读厚”),范文倒是只背了几篇,全篇背下来确实有一定难度。但是固定句型、万用句型、优美词句我倒是积累了不少(“读薄”)。最后到后期要根据自己平时积累的一些东西总结出一两个自己的“写作框架”。请注意,这里的“写作框架”一定要是在自己仔细研读作文书后总结出来的,而不仅仅是照抄作文书。因此,我所说的“写作框架”与所谓的“写作模板”是不同的!
为了在考研写作中取得高分,仅仅看作文书、背范文是远远不够的,还必须自己亲自动笔写。刚开始时要保证自己把一篇作文写完整,尽量写好,时间可以放宽一些。到后期那就要注意自己的写作时间了,争取在一个小时内完成大小作文(小作文20分钟左右,大作文40分钟左右)。写完后自己先检查一遍,排除低级错误(大小写、单复数、主谓一致等)。
以上是考研作文的复习方法,接着谈考研阅读。进入十月份后,大家的基础阅读训练做得也就差不多了,这个时候就可以开始真题的训练了。英语真题不像政治真题,它是考研英语复习中不可或缺的资料,应引起大家足够的重视!通过研读真题,大家可以真正地体会到真题的难易程度,以及出题者的出题模式。真题至少应做两遍,若是还有时间的话那就做第三遍,完全没必要做什么英语模拟题。做第一遍时(强烈建议将自己的答案写在草稿纸上,不要直接写在书上,方便做第二遍),可以尝试一口气全部完卷,检验一下自己前面的复习效果。做完一年的真题,就要花大量的时间去体会它的的精髓,而不应花太多时间去纠结自己错了多少!还有一点很重要,那就是在做真题的过程中要总结各类题型的做题方法,这个我就不细说了,真题“黄皮书”上有很详细的介绍。第一遍做完后不要停歇,接着做第二遍。此时就要按照自己在先前做真题过程中总结的方法去做,仍然要静下心去做,切不可只是回忆自己第一遍的答案,做完后与第一遍的答案和标答对照,看自己是否有进步。若仍做错,甚至是先前对的现在做错,这个就需要大家认真反思了!真题第二遍做完,离考试也就不远了,这个时候就要把英语的重心放在写作上了,坚持每天按照自己总结的“写作框架”写一篇大作文和一篇小作文,写完后不要随手扔在一旁,而要再反复看两遍,自己修改,尽量避免低级错误。在突击作文的同时也不要把阅读落下,我当时特意在“220篇”上留了七个单元没做,放在最后练手用,这个时候就严格按照考研时间来做题,保证每个星期都能训练一套,从下午2点开始,5点结束,严格控制时间!(不过最后我好像还有两个单元没做,呵呵……)。这个时候若累了,可以翻翻单词调节一下。
如此下来整个考研英语的复习就结束了。
以下是我总结的大作文的“写作框架”和一些常用句型,供大家参考。小作文内容太杂,具体的大家去看作文书
大作文总结
红色下划线标出的内容可通用。
第一段:客观地描述图画。
一句总述,两句细节(或一句细节,一句文字说明),共三句。
As is vividly depicted in the cartoon (It is subtly/symbolically illustrated in the cartoon that...), four children are planning a football match of taking care of their aged father. Each of them stands in a different corner of a football field. The eldest son kicked out the father, with the other three children guarding their goals.
(cartoon “图画”的同义词: drawing/picture/photo)
注意同义替换!
第一段可从一下几个方面去写:事物+动作+环境
或 人物+衣着+表情。
文字说明:
若两幅图并列:In the first cartoon, the caption indicates that.... In the second photo, we are informed that...(当只有一幅图时,两句取其一)
当两幅图相互对比时,第一段的写法:
The drawings vividly illustrated the changes of numbers of fishes and fish-boats in the past 100 years (总述). In one picture, there were various kinds of fishers and only one fishing boat in 1900 (细节1). On the contrary, in 1995 there was only one fish, but a great many fishing boats. (细节2,与前一句对比)
第二段:意义阐释,寓意(1句)+分析(4句),共五句。
寓意(1句),引出现象(问题):
表述1:Undoubtedly, we can deduce from the portrayal that the cartoonist/photographer is trying to attract our attention to the issue of...
表述2:Undoubtedly, we can deduce from the portrayal that the cartoonist/photographer is trying to attract our attention to the phenomenon that...,which is not uncommon (not uncommon = prevailing) in contemporary society.(非限制定语从句)
表述3:Undoubtedly, we can deduce from the portrayal that the cartoonist/photographer is trying to attract our attention to the fact that one of the burning questions facing our society today is that...
分析(4句),可以从原因分析、现状列举、例证、分析事物利弊的方面去考虑。
完全掌握! |
原因分析(原因基础句型,适用于任何需要讲述原因的情形):There might be three main reasons, I suppose, accounting for this phenomenon. In the first place,…… Furthermore,…… Moreover, the most essential/important factor is that ……, which is usually neglected.
插入句式 |
现状列举:First and foremost, …… Furthermore, …… Last but not the
least,……
例证:As an example of
…… is that
……;A case in point is
……;
Numerous examples can demonstrate the power of a positive outlook. For instance,……
We can give out lots of examples, but I think the story of…… is most familiar to us.
分析事物利弊:There is no doubt that
…… is the driving force behind the swift progress of industry, agriculture, science and technology. Nobody can deny that the development of our civilization depends on ……. On one hand, the most important advantage of …… is that ……. On the other hand, ……. More essentially, there can be no substitute for …… in efficiency enhancement. Conversely, just as the common saying goes, “A coin has two sides”, despite the increase in efficiency and convenience generated by ……, the changes they bring could very well lead to potential adverse consequences. To begin with, ……. To make matters worse, ……. Worst of all, …… .
第三段:评论,个人观点,建议措施(1句总述,2句建议,1句包装)。
1句总述+提建议:
表述1:All things considered, it is imperative for us to take drastic measures to reverse the disturbing trend illustrated/revealed in the picture.
表述2:All things considered, it is high time for us to work out concrete solutions to the problem/ (to improve the situation)
The traditional method is to
……. In addition,……. Only in this way can …… and only in this way can …….
发表个人观点:
From my standpoint,…… is a double-edged sword. We should …… and …… at the same time. Only in this way ……
再补充几个句子:
Ø
提建议(个人方面):
We each individual should start from right here and now, and attach great value and importance to the urgency of the issue.
Ø
讲环境保护,结束语:
It is only when the environment has been protected that the society we are living in can become more harmonious.(强调句型,在2011考研英语大作文中本人就采用了这句)
Ø
提建议(用于凑字数):
Since neither of the suggestions can effectively solve the problem independently, there is a increase awareness that the two solutions may be combined with other possible measures to produce the best effect.
To begin with, relevant laws and regulations should be made to severely punish those who……. In addition, we should cultivate the awareness of the young that ……
Ø
(此句尽量用)
It has not been proved difficult to make strong case for the view that affluent nations, as well as affluent individuals, ought to be doing much more to help the poor than they are generally now doing.(强烈支持……观点不会有什么困难)
下面是英语写作中常用的35个句型。这35个句子不难,但很实用。考前最好能全部记住,并能灵活运用!!
英语写作的35个句型
(网上有,红色部分是我经常用到的)
一、~~~ the + ~ est +名词 + (that) +主词 + have ever + seen ( known/heard/had/read, etc)
~~~ the most +形容词 +名词 + (that) +主词 + have ever + seen ( known/heard/had/read, etc)
例句:Helen is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen.
海伦是我所看过最美丽的女孩。
Mr. Zhang is the kindest teacher that I have ever had.
张老师是我曾经遇到最仁慈的教师。
二、Nothing is + ~~~ er than to + V Nothing is + more +形容词 + than to + V
例句: Nothing is more important than to receive education.
没有比接受教育更重要的事。
三、~~~cannot emphasize the importance of ~~~ too much.(再怎么强调...的重要性也不为过。)
例句:
We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much.
我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。
四、There is no denying that + S + V ...(不可否认的...)
例句:There is no denying that the qualities of our living have gone from bad to worse.
不可否认的,我们的生活品质已经每况愈下。
五、It is universally acknowledgedthat +句子~~(全世界都知道...)
例句:It is universally acknowledged that trees are indispensable to us.
全世界都知道树木对我们是不可或缺的。
六、There is no doubt that +句子~~(毫无疑问的...)
例句:There is no doubt that our educational systemleaves something to be desired.
毫无疑问的我们的教育制度令人不满意。
七、An advantage of ~~~ is that +句子 (...的优点是...)
例句:An advantage of using the solar energy is that it won't create (produce) any pollution.
使用太阳能的优点是它不会制造任何污染。
八、The reason why +句子 ~~~ is that +句子 (...的原因是...)
例句:The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can provide us with fresh air./ The
reason why we have to grow trees is that they can supply fresh air for us.
我们必须种树的原因是它们能供应我们新鲜的空气。
九、So +形容词 + be +主词 + that +句子 (如此...以致于...)
例句:So precious is time that we can't afford to waste it.
时间是如此珍贵,我们经不起浪费它。
十、Adj + as + Subject(主词)+ be, S + V~~~(虽然...)
例句:Rich as our country is, the qualities of our living are by no means satisfactory. {by no means = in no way = on no account一点也不}
虽然我们的国家富有,我们的生活品质绝对令人不满意。
十一、The + ~er + S + V, ~~~ the + ~er + S + V ~~~
The + more + Adj + S + V, ~~~ the + more+ Adj + S + V ~~~(愈...愈...)
例句:The harder you work, the more progress you make.
你愈努力,你愈进步。
The more books we read, the more learned we become.
我们书读愈多,我们愈有学问。
十二、By +Ving, ~~ can ~~ (借着...,..能够..)
例句:By taking exercise, we can always stay healthy.
借着做运动,我们能够始终保持健康。
十三、~~~ enable+ Object(受词)+ to + V (..使..能够..)
例句:Listening to music enable us to feel relaxed.
听音乐使我们能够感觉轻松。
十四、Onnoaccountcanwe + V ~~~ (我们绝对不能...)
例句:On no account can we ignore the value of knowledge.
我们绝对不能忽略知识的价值。
十五、It is time + S + 过去式 或
It is high
time that +句子 (该是...的时候了)
例句:It is time the authoritiesconcernedtook proper steps to solve the traffic problems.
该是有关当局采取适当的措施来解决交通问题的时候了。
十六、Those who ~~~ (...的人...)
例句:Those who violatetraffic regulations should be punished.
违反交通规定的人应该受处罚。
十七、There is no one but ~~~ (没有人不...)
例句:There is no one but longsto go to college.
没有人不渴望上大学。
十八、be + forced/compelled/obliged+ to + V (不得不...)
例句:Since the examination is around the corner, I am compelled to give up doing sports.
既然考试迫在眉睫,我不得不放弃做运动。
十九、It is conceivable that + 句子 (可想而知的)
It is obvious that + 句子 (明显的)
It is apparent that + 句子 (显然的)
例句:It is conceivablethat knowledge plays an important role in our life.
可想而知,知识在我们的一生中扮演一个重要的角色。
二十、That is the reason why ~~~ (那就是...的原因)
例句:Summer is sultry. That is the reason why I don't like it.
夏天很燠热。那就是我不喜欢它的原因。
二十一、For the past + 时间,S + 现在完成式.(过去...年来,...一直...)
例句:For the past two years, I have been busy preparing for the examination.
过去两年来,我一直忙着准备考试。
二十二、Since + S + 过去式,S + 现在完成式。
例句:Since he went to senior high school, he has worked very hard.
自从他上高中,他一直很用功。
二十三、It pays to + V ~~~ (...是值得的。)
例句:It pays to help others.
帮助别人是值得的(不是“要付出代价的哦!!”)。
二十四、be based on (以...为基础)
例句:The progress of thee society is based on
harmony.
社会的进步是以和谐为基础的。
二十五、Sparenoeffortto+ V (不遗余力的)
例句:We should spare no effort to beautify our environment.
我们应该不遗余力的美化我们的环境。
二十六、bringhometo+人+事(让...明白...事)
例句:We should bring home to people the valueof working hard.
我们应该让人们明白努力的价值。
二十七、be closely related to ~~ (与...息息相关)
例句:Taking exercise is closely related to health.
做运动与健康息息相关。
二十八、Get into the habit of + Ving= make it a rule to + V (养成...的习惯
We should get into the habit of keeping good hours.
例句: 我们应该养成早睡早起的习惯。
二十九、Due to/Owing to/Thanks to + N/Ving, ~~~(因为...)
例句:Thanks to his encouragement, I finally realized my dream.
因为他的鼓励,我终于实现我的梦想。
三十、What a + Adj + N + S + V!= How + Adj + a + N + V!(多么...!)
例句:Whatanimportantthingitistokeepourpromise!
How important a thing it is to keep our promise!
遵守诺言是多么重要的事!
三十一、Leavemuchtobedesired(令人不满意)
例句:The condition of our traffic leaves much to be desired.
我们的交通状况令人不满意。
三十二、Haveagreatinfluenceon~~~ (对...有很大的影响)
例句:Smoking has a great influence on our health.
抽烟对我们的健康有很大的影响。
三十三、do good to (对...有益),do harm to (对...有害)
例句:Reading does good to our mind.读书对心灵有益。
Overwork does harm to health.工作过度对健康有害。
三十四、Poseagreatthreatto~~ (对...造成一大威胁)
例句:Pollution poses a great threat to our existence.
污染对我们的生存造成一大威胁。
三十五、doone'sutmostto+ V = do one's best (尽全力去...)
例句:We should do our utmost to achieve our goal in life.
我们应尽全力去达成我们的人生目标。